Biblioteca CAEN
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M`
nboirm am PTmimr vl `helab l unl smrhm am nbtli`ms y amghshvbs `b-
erbs
mn `l Wbghb`beïl gbntmopbrìnml.
Mstm
nboirm sm cl``l rmprmsmn-tlab pbr `bs trms cmrolnbs: Olx, L`drmab y Lab`db, shn qum sm amil b`-vhalr l Olrhlnl, mspbsl am` prhomrb. Nboirms qum gbnsthtuymn `l mxprm-sh÷n am l`eunbs am `bs lvlngms oìs amstlglabs am `l hnvmsthelgh÷n y am `ldbrou`lgh÷n sbghb`÷ehgl `berlal mn L`molnhl lntms am` amrruoilohmntbtbtl` qum `l gu`turl sudrh÷ mn lqum` plïs mn
m`
lüb <877, puntb am
lrrln-
qum am `l gltìstrbdm qum
cl
lrrlslab l``ï
pbr
gbop`mtb gul`quhmr dbrol amvhal msphrhtul`.
Olx
Umimr, qum tln dmrvbrbsb lpbyb cliïl lpbrtlabl `l amobgrlghl am` Ymhgc am Umholr, nb tuvb qum prmsmnghlr m` cunah-ohmntb am `l gu`turl l`molnl, pbrqum phlabslomntm `l oumrtm sm `b cliïl``mvlab l`eunbs lübs lntms. L`drmab,
m`
lutbr
am` `hirb qum lquï sm rmsm-ül,
cl
tmnhab qum pui`hglr mstl birl mn Cb`lnal, pbrqum
trliljb
am
tln
l`tb mspïrhtu nb pbaïl tmnmr glihal mn
m`
Qmrgmr
Ymhgc.
Mstm
`hirb am L`drmab
v
mimr, prmsmntlab mn su trlauggh÷n msplüb`liljb
m`
tïtu`b am
CHWQBYHL AM
@L
G]@Q]YL
gbnsthtuym
un
mnslybam hntmrprmtlgh÷n sbghb`÷ehgl am `l chstbrhl unhvmrsl` am `l gu`turl.
Vb-
arïl
amnbohnìrsm`m unl chstbrhl sbghb`÷ehgl am `l gu`turl b tloihèn unlsbghb`beïl chst÷rhgl.
M`
r÷tu`b gbn qum lplrmgh÷ mn `l mahgh÷n l`molnl amCb`lnal ms
Chstbrhl
am `l gu`turl gbob Wbghb`beïl am `l Gu`turl , gbn`b gul` sm
trltl
yl am suemrhr
un
prbp÷shtb am unl Wbghb`beïl am `l gu`tu-
rl
mnerlnlal mn
m`
prbgmsb
m
`l chstbrhl unhvmrsl`;
pbr
`b tlntb, prmsghn-ahmnab am `bs amtl``ms, lunqum shn pmramr
m`
rmspmtb l `bs m`momntbs gbn-grmtbs.
Mstm
ms unb am `bs omjbrms `hirbs mnemnarlabs
pbr
`l grhshs. Gbnsth-tuym unl am `ls omahtlghbnms oìs prmg`lrls suemrhals
pbr
`l shtulgh÷ngrïthgl am numstrb thmopb, qum ms `l grhshs oìs erlnam sudrhal mn `l chstbrhlcuolnl, qum mopmz÷ l lpuntlr mn `bs l`ibrms am `l
eumrrl
ounahl` yqum amspuès sm
cl
amslrrb``lab gbob prbdunal amsomoirlgh÷n clstl `bsobomntbs ì`ehabs am cby mn aïl.
@l
mntrlül
am numstrl gumsth÷n, ahgmUmimr, gbnshstm mn prmeuntlrnbs:
²
A÷nam nbs cl``lobs mn `l gbrrhmntm am



M`
nboirm am PTmimr vl `helab l unl smrhm am nbtli`ms y amghshvbs `b-
erbs
mn `l Wbghb`beïl gbntmopbrìnml.
Mstm
nboirm sm cl``l rmprmsmn-tlab pbr `bs trms cmrolnbs: Olx, L`drmab y Lab`db, shn qum sm amil b`-vhalr l Olrhlnl, mspbsl am` prhomrb. Nboirms qum gbnsthtuymn `l mxprm-sh÷n am l`eunbs am `bs lvlngms oìs amstlglabs am `l hnvmsthelgh÷n y am `ldbrou`lgh÷n sbghb`÷ehgl `berlal mn L`molnhl lntms am` amrruoilohmntbtbtl` qum `l gu`turl sudrh÷ mn lqum` plïs mn
m`
lüb <877, puntb am
lrrln-
qum am `l gltìstrbdm qum
cl
lrrlslab l``ï
pbr
gbop`mtb gul`quhmr dbrol amvhal msphrhtul`.
Olx
Umimr, qum tln dmrvbrbsb lpbyb cliïl lpbrtlabl `l amobgrlghl am` Ymhgc am Umholr, nb tuvb qum prmsmnghlr m` cunah-ohmntb am `l gu`turl l`molnl, pbrqum phlabslomntm `l oumrtm sm `b cliïl``mvlab l`eunbs lübs lntms. L`drmab,
m`
lutbr
am` `hirb qum lquï sm rmsm-ül,
cl
tmnhab qum pui`hglr mstl birl mn Cb`lnal, pbrqum
trliljb
am
tln
l`tb mspïrhtu nb pbaïl tmnmr glihal mn
m`
Qmrgmr
Ymhgc.
Mstm
`hirb am L`drmab
v
mimr, prmsmntlab mn su trlauggh÷n msplüb`liljb
m`
tïtu`b am
CHWQBYHL AM
@L
G]@Q]YL
gbnsthtuym
un
mnslybam hntmrprmtlgh÷n sbghb`÷ehgl am `l chstbrhl unhvmrsl` am `l gu`turl.
Vb-
arïl
amnbohnìrsm`m unl chstbrhl sbghb`÷ehgl am `l gu`turl b tloihèn unlsbghb`beïl chst÷rhgl.
M`
r÷tu`b gbn qum lplrmgh÷ mn `l mahgh÷n l`molnl amCb`lnal ms
Chstbrhl
am `l gu`turl gbob Wbghb`beïl am `l Gu`turl , gbn`b gul` sm
trltl
yl am suemrhr
un
prbp÷shtb am unl Wbghb`beïl am `l gu`tu-
rl
mnerlnlal mn
m`
prbgmsb
m
`l chstbrhl unhvmrsl`;
pbr
`b tlntb, prmsghn-ahmnab am `bs amtl``ms, lunqum shn pmramr
m`
rmspmtb l `bs m`momntbs gbn-grmtbs.
Mstm
ms unb am `bs omjbrms `hirbs mnemnarlabs
pbr
`l grhshs. Gbnsth-tuym unl am `ls omahtlghbnms oìs prmg`lrls suemrhals
pbr
`l shtulgh÷ngrïthgl am numstrb thmopb, qum ms `l grhshs oìs erlnam sudrhal mn `l chstbrhlcuolnl, qum mopmz÷ l lpuntlr mn `bs l`ibrms am `l
eumrrl
ounahl` yqum amspuès sm
cl
amslrrb``lab gbob prbdunal amsomoirlgh÷n clstl `bsobomntbs ì`ehabs am cby mn aïl.
@l
mntrlül
am numstrl gumsth÷n, ahgmUmimr, gbnshstm mn prmeuntlrnbs:
²
A÷nam nbs cl``lobs mn `l gbrrhmntm am